{"id":"W4409143066","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5169869","title":"Proportionality and Precaution","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Risk Perception and Management","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"York University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Proportionality (law); Law; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01102173,0.0007320016,0.001090928,0.002827747,0.001980607,0.003861615,0.001527013,0.002099775,0.01414963],"category_scores_gemma":[0.07684899,0.0006789895,0.001240486,0.001153673,0.008937562,0.00711013,0.004188936,0.004177526,0.0009709668],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001975361,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002309866,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002576324,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001527225,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9892812,0.00380509,0.0007415919,0.002299385,0.00298845,0.0008842118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9575844,0.02706497,0.0033367,0.007450096,0.003565732,0.0009981469],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000263464,0.00003395557,0.001455251,0.00006652357,0.0000376505,0.00005838697,0.0004837074,0.001969923,0.0002117436,0.9738224,0.0007649128,0.02106923],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007429122,0.00002147018,0.0006031308,0.00002308989,0.00001677954,0.0001541196,0.0001029791,0.002393206,0.0002232979,0.9929389,0.003505703,0.000009826568],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1785392,0.006205459,0.3743081,0.0120517,0.001052363,0.000387253,0.0002137494,0.0003705611,0.4268716],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9411705,0.0007963668,0.01734065,0.0005178298,0.0003313535,0.0001571003,0.00003417836,0.00006245633,0.03958964],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01414963,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05828917,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009114801770842826,"score_gpt":0.3239508514412772,"score_spread":0.3148360496704343,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}