{"id":"W4409147137","doi":"10.3390/membranes15040112","title":"Advancing Ceramic Membrane Technology for Sustainable Treatment of Mining Discharge: Challenges and Future Directions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Membranes","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Government of Canada","keywords":"Nanofiltration; Membrane; Ultrafiltration (renal); Microfiltration; Ceramic; Membrane technology; Membrane distillation; Waste management; Environmental science; Ceramic membrane; Drainage; Environmental remediation; Effluent; Process engineering; Materials science; Engineering; Desalination; Chemistry; Metallurgy; Contamination","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009760081,0.0007591983,0.0011493,0.002120903,0.0003355986,0.00128227,0.0006824775,0.00136929,0.003076833],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007323955,0.0003502332,0.000936388,0.002376646,0.0004406476,0.002187037,0.0007234997,0.001602683,0.001307121],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006320261,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001633356,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001293051,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002534281,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996791,0.00004907093,0.00004181235,0.00005077599,0.0001320581,0.00004723973],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995015,0.0002174306,0.00007570824,0.00001673083,0.000153829,0.00003489109],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006178739,0.0001411363,0.0002770125,0.05527595,0.0001353288,0.0003029396,0.0001287976,0.001171917,0.0147755,0.009640531,0.01324219,0.904847],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001027379,0.0001769936,0.0008384934,0.004969155,0.000190055,0.0007324596,0.0001304218,0.0003827362,0.003672521,0.003095928,0.9857723,0.00002859746],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004357201,0.9973929,0.0004206222,0.0004018841,0.0001421653,0.000005356489,0.00001696375,0.000009038003,0.00117538],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001353155,0.9976519,0.0003934297,0.0001268201,0.00005730015,0.000005359582,0.00001970157,0.000001421733,0.0003909857],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003076833,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01029301,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0173199396082872,"score_gpt":0.2998507092214735,"score_spread":0.2825307696131863,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}