{"id":"W4409158057","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-80434-2_12","title":"Exploring Sustainable Development from a Social-Ecological Perspective: A Tri-Nation Comparative Study","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"World sustainability series","topic":"Critical Realism in Sociology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Perspective (graphical); Sustainable development; Geography; Sociology; Ecology; Environmental ethics; Political science; Biology; Computer science; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001970274,0.0005736997,0.001249059,0.0004266624,0.002825061,0.0002536151,0.0006173421,0.0004505366,0.0009669396],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003794787,0.0006161425,0.0002714165,0.0004116537,0.002611064,0.0006442392,0.0006200559,0.00104787,0.0000203301],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01391007,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004696273,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007845994,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04317573,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9951376,0.0009453945,0.0008249845,0.001185606,0.0008658505,0.001040538],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.993467,0.002112273,0.0002537257,0.0004033242,0.003564336,0.0001993097],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001765447,0.000285386,0.0003324078,0.0000732662,0.0001599431,0.00009991,0.2539662,0.000001429417,8.417803e-8,0.7427514,0.001281021,0.0008724616],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001931869,0.0000682181,0.002512499,0.00001317718,0.00006111638,6.723714e-8,0.4191254,2.645594e-7,0.000001034831,0.2836706,0.2940716,0.000282794],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.03881475,0.0003911273,0.00006703156,0.01880961,0.0005540867,0.005337681,0.00004886066,0.0005369612,0.9354399],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4763689,0.00003132447,0.0001462345,0.00008511123,0.00037601,0.0007142142,0.00003977674,0.00002303497,0.5222154],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4590808,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999463,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1546966812846617,"score_gpt":0.3915562162816761,"score_spread":0.2368595349970144,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}