{"id":"W4409164428","doi":"10.1002/sys.21815","title":"Model‐Driven Engineering for Digital Twins: Opportunities and Challenges","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Systems Engineering","topic":"Digital Transformation in Industry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; European Commission","keywords":"Systems engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Management science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008216106,0.0007315198,0.0009464302,0.001267744,0.00100524,0.005195617,0.003335296,0.002291867,0.003741281],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01529385,0.0007766559,0.001436873,0.001437994,0.003071432,0.007126599,0.004714662,0.004424113,0.0009485938],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002616982,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004559112,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004626768,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003718415,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9957539,0.001976182,0.0002181559,0.0003175148,0.001515754,0.0002185878],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9885777,0.006255243,0.0004355231,0.002157664,0.002016922,0.0005568011],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004043161,0.0001300265,0.001611316,0.0004648879,0.0000772694,0.0001960495,0.0005689826,0.1790414,0.001484815,0.7488872,0.006602851,0.06089475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001933462,0.00004635666,0.0002044681,0.0002769463,0.00002831986,0.0001199308,0.0004306363,0.4991382,0.001836087,0.4177206,0.08013225,0.00004694163],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01325328,0.002892896,0.959427,0.009777511,0.0003131508,0.0001086528,0.0001836972,0.000911096,0.0131327],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3294344,0.007047338,0.6523513,0.001470752,0.0002190812,0.0004003814,0.0007830543,0.0006988241,0.007594967],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008216106,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04345149,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06026780477277418,"score_gpt":0.2142138044921622,"score_spread":0.153945999719388,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}