{"id":"W4409177808","doi":"10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103159","title":"The value of cleaner waterways: Evidence from the Black-and-Odorous water program","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Environmental Economics and Management","topic":"Economic and Environmental Valuation","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences","keywords":"Value (mathematics); Business; Environmental science; Natural resource economics; Environmental economics; Economics; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008218128,0.0001263834,0.0002540728,0.00005073503,0.0001496601,0.00008723839,0.0002483755,0.00004247202,0.00005808737],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005699244,0.00007997443,0.00009694944,0.00001544149,0.0002800486,0.0002221755,0.0002852125,0.00009597034,0.00003319927],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001319126,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002826076,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005841985,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008269231,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998825,0.00002172019,0.0007608626,0.0002021292,0.00002667501,0.0001635743],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992445,0.00009574026,0.0003916739,0.0002255755,0.000001848685,0.0000406397],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000437249,0.0007452986,0.5130489,0.0001585599,0.002887378,0.0000101379,0.003830509,0.01092481,0.000539939,0.1837046,0.003251498,0.2804611],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001055414,0.0002290467,0.8328391,0.00007235025,0.0001158053,0.000005431744,0.001479889,0.003506738,0.0006332106,0.02851469,0.131344,0.0002043646],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9916697,0.003222293,0.0001532449,0.002872836,0.0002493462,0.0003092428,0.00002125136,0.000002297642,0.001499775],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9288896,0.06965644,0.0004957637,0.0003121128,0.00004388336,0.00001118947,0.000003177425,0.000009742521,0.000578091],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3197901,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3261262,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02999445849998426,"score_gpt":0.1971346509306712,"score_spread":0.167140192430687,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}