{"id":"W4409181318","doi":"10.1029/2024ef005463","title":"Maximizing the Detectability of Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) While Minimizing Its Exposure Risks: Insights From a Numerical Study","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth s Future","topic":"Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Alkalinity; Environmental science; Oceanography; Climatology; Soil science; Geology; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004196064,0.0001951735,0.0003003227,0.00007562996,0.0003716505,0.0000663927,0.0003614087,0.00009638244,0.0009478663],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001384496,0.000115552,0.0001075475,0.0004697549,0.00007935004,0.0001235772,0.00003402085,0.000297032,0.00004833434],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003892503,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009075304,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003790446,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000470838,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979705,0.0006642223,0.0004003989,0.000396052,0.0003446392,0.0002242087],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985234,0.000650577,0.0001681776,0.0004874205,0.0000888205,0.00008167448],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001021496,0.0007237586,0.8958196,0.0001128391,0.0003669767,0.00002298701,0.01391604,0.001942233,0.002306505,0.00006328132,0.0009290976,0.08277515],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005127751,0.0003118746,0.9796079,0.00003387715,0.00005612067,5.732851e-7,0.005417545,0.001784043,0.00554821,0.00009870868,0.006479312,0.000149015],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9931524,0.003787291,0.000268651,0.0004960592,0.0008134817,0.0006570063,0.00007045153,0.00004256371,0.0007121375],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998916,0.00005681688,0.0003630112,0.0002261211,0.0002607231,0.000002298577,0.00003228359,0.000003650569,0.0001391436],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08378831,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999654,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0216233736312938,"score_gpt":0.2514821277513929,"score_spread":0.2298587541200991,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}