{"id":"W4409187764","doi":"10.1002/9781394294404.ch4","title":"Outlier Detection, Metrics, and Standardization","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Standardization; Anomaly detection; Outlier; Computer science; Data mining; Cartography; Artificial intelligence; Geography; Operating system","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009652874,0.002552285,0.001963096,0.009279921,0.001052598,0.007006754,0.002252651,0.002001756,0.006072642],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06257053,0.0007737033,0.001132429,0.01385692,0.002985222,0.007067793,0.003352142,0.003001586,0.00503175],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00210518,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00227606,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003127544,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001773733,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9797705,0.004870048,0.001732331,0.002660307,0.01050211,0.0004646374],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9778237,0.009207897,0.002444327,0.004304877,0.005911618,0.0003074677],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009009718,0.00007316359,0.003738506,0.00100917,0.0001059556,0.0001740318,0.0004083242,0.03863471,0.00309834,0.187948,0.03412606,0.7305937],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002003326,0.0002431816,0.007454326,0.0008647462,0.00007878617,0.001124796,0.0006970628,0.2386171,0.0149662,0.4269643,0.308711,0.0002583883],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.003126919,0.007745515,0.9723901,0.00106791,0.0004471326,0.0001451048,0.001001469,0.00329711,0.01077874],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1000779,0.01691273,0.8589879,0.0006276661,0.001084078,0.0008386089,0.005636889,0.00304984,0.01278441],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009652874,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05104983,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003025849255575814,"score_gpt":0.1926656084406661,"score_spread":0.1896397591850903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}