{"id":"W4409199671","doi":"10.22329/il.v45i1.8416","title":"Argumentation, Cooperation, and Disagreement","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Informal Logic","topic":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Argumentation theory; Epistemology; Sociology; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01863156,0.0007099001,0.0008211202,0.00304336,0.005608156,0.01055811,0.001774758,0.006622802,0.007519846],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03665047,0.0003252789,0.0006669626,0.002708416,0.02126764,0.009998319,0.008274199,0.004538341,0.0007810922],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006155544,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003464472,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001438463,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001009764,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9728205,0.02194997,0.0007933808,0.001424647,0.002210533,0.0008010368],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9593775,0.03254347,0.002637531,0.00173929,0.002494862,0.001207341],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005411865,0.00003614091,0.0007212221,0.0001859496,0.00002916555,0.0002941349,0.009700733,0.001739587,0.000124339,0.9732194,0.002821883,0.01107328],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000334385,0.0000171093,0.0004297757,0.0002209949,0.00001228171,0.00011374,0.003480692,0.002458259,0.0001093903,0.9697813,0.02332809,0.00001498386],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1573131,0.01951963,0.09694208,0.102135,0.001476655,0.0002417649,0.0002058983,0.0001664031,0.6219995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9802542,0.001785444,0.006792301,0.001359397,0.0002786466,0.0001351968,0.00007517675,0.00002519355,0.009294353],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01863156,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09853429,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0385041081269105,"score_gpt":0.2797476144594394,"score_spread":0.2412435063325289,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}