{"id":"W4409266731","doi":"10.1002/pds.70125","title":"Trends in the Cost and Utilization of Publicly Dispensed Respiratory Inhalers in Ontario, Canada: A Repeated Cross‐Sectional Study","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","topic":"Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"St. Michael's Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"Ministry of Health, Ontario","keywords":"Medicine; Reimbursement; Beneficiary; Inhaler; Formulary; Environmental health; Emergency medicine; Demography; Asthma; Family medicine; Finance; Internal medicine; Business; Health care; Economic growth","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001094843,0.0004793434,0.0006218517,0.001781085,0.001704907,0.001369312,0.001813317,0.000610496,0.001570403],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0033763,0.0006205249,0.00105856,0.005153566,0.0006291755,0.0005965912,0.0007551361,0.0007738541,0.0002595843],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.03943233,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03021975,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.994017,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9949694,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980927,0.0001193228,0.0001582837,0.0002937538,0.0009189586,0.0004169505],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9939434,0.0002574368,0.001911885,0.0002089283,0.00294607,0.0007322754],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003596702,0.00001763377,0.997907,0.00002404951,0.00006989617,0.00002489555,0.0001921944,0.00008652949,0.00006370635,0.00002577742,0.000594531,0.0009578343],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003368245,0.00001185132,0.9991832,0.00001160524,0.00001568242,0.0000147265,0.0001539422,0.0001887508,0.00002129352,0.000003986264,0.0003866211,0.000004953964],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9763398,0.001148105,0.0002167336,0.000452569,0.0000144802,0.00007305921,0.0201526,0.00002690091,0.001575789],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9907844,0.0005634612,0.000292411,0.0001353786,0.00001164382,0.00004445588,0.00707465,0.000009760921,0.001083824],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03943233,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.286103,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06888017062735785,"score_gpt":0.3728965254794127,"score_spread":0.3040163548520549,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}