{"id":"W4409274871","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2025.1563488","title":"The knowns and unknowns in our understanding of how plastics impact climate change: a systematic review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Climate change; Environmental science; Biology; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01634925,0.001637537,0.006951856,0.01887982,0.00112194,0.005054327,0.00240051,0.002836102,0.004918322],"category_scores_gemma":[0.08766802,0.001460805,0.006793596,0.01909391,0.001614812,0.007943347,0.002701348,0.001872586,0.0006169981],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004792067,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02576394,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009186946,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03093811,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9849682,0.004645526,0.005855997,0.001175474,0.00288333,0.0004714654],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9231977,0.05802353,0.009856305,0.001135506,0.007091212,0.0006958397],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006542155,0.00001177134,0.0006900532,0.944531,0.002939306,0.0001694769,0.0006478942,0.00009718794,0.0001698935,0.0006999564,0.002720376,0.04725771],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000394111,0.0000494233,0.001368564,0.9563733,0.01442763,0.0002483,0.0005628687,0.00005269936,0.0000996203,0.0006546366,0.02609579,0.00002781448],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0006529568,0.9968594,0.0003485799,0.0009368525,0.0002388847,0.0002335059,0.0003484406,0.000009842176,0.0003715307],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.005907027,0.9914628,0.0007737448,0.0009687425,0.0001177225,0.0004635733,0.0001805389,0.00000680416,0.0001190588],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01887982,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08646417,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02362572756748067,"score_gpt":0.2735122885202936,"score_spread":0.249886560952813,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}