{"id":"W4409279903","doi":"10.5339/jemtac.2025.18","title":"Battle of fluids: Comparing normal saline and lactated ringer’s in diabetic ketoacidosis management—A systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of emergency medicine, trauma & acute care","topic":"Diabetes and associated disorders","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Saline; Diabetic ketoacidosis; Meta-analysis; Ketoacidosis; Ringer's solution; Battle; Medicine; Anesthesia; Isotonic Solutions; Diabetes mellitus; Internal medicine; Endocrinology; Type 1 diabetes; Tonicity; History","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0150229,0.002745544,0.0231003,0.00688772,0.0006704709,0.004010851,0.002184275,0.002702046,0.003606535],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03303325,0.001388883,0.04020211,0.006504411,0.0008633988,0.002182495,0.001489772,0.002061151,0.0002701001],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00292226,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003970167,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005723215,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01212935,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9889209,0.005539392,0.003187598,0.0008458522,0.001179011,0.0003272247],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9779539,0.01649719,0.00338627,0.0004314247,0.001442538,0.0002886392],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"meta_analysis","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003352464,0.00004288646,0.001384535,0.5601361,0.4209735,0.00009309821,0.00007290058,0.0003316932,0.000174995,0.0001270893,0.0004033829,0.01290731],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001071481,0.0003759271,0.001691644,0.05129654,0.9434944,0.00007481591,0.00005548389,0.0001532057,0.0001028266,0.000163916,0.001495232,0.00002446378],"study_design_candidate":"meta_analysis","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.002505675,0.9964578,0.0002428243,0.000117597,0.0001126733,0.0002379011,0.0001783424,0.00001225027,0.0001349832],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0987623,0.8967577,0.001587716,0.0008381013,0.000294544,0.00106446,0.0004225518,0.00002123783,0.0002513273],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0231003,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07944959,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02066535990581453,"score_gpt":0.3047322442979635,"score_spread":0.2840668843921489,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}