{"id":"W4409312424","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120277","title":"Slenderness effect on GFRP-RC columns with square spirals under concentric and eccentric loading: Experimental and analytical study","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Engineering Structures","topic":"Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Dalhousie University; Pultrall","keywords":"Concentric; Structural engineering; Eccentric; Square (algebra); Fibre-reinforced plastic; Buckling; Materials science; Engineering; Mathematics; Geometry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005333549,0.0004244277,0.0004161334,0.0002387796,0.00008624938,0.0001420845,0.0001416434,0.0001137912,0.00002790289],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002585029,0.0003574211,0.0000420454,0.0003669685,0.00006019263,0.0001110533,0.00006203644,0.0003109866,0.000001200051],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001521845,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001514896,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001769748,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.029528e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987301,0.00002152143,0.0002215655,0.0003730444,0.000247426,0.0004064043],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994025,0.000155483,0.00002503115,0.0002516211,0.00002017055,0.0001452128],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003742083,0.00001574416,0.06723751,0.0008852907,0.001370728,0.0002805796,0.001568775,0.8777132,0.02583237,0.01586462,0.0003187789,0.008538173],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01011976,0.00290313,0.6053079,0.0004208473,0.0007305515,0.00017357,0.001467382,0.1270307,0.2489485,0.00007645583,0.0005175555,0.002303569],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959637,0.0009515051,0.0015182,0.00001136869,0.0003438547,0.0006363145,0.000007298661,0.0003876612,0.0001801274],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995222,0.000006421072,0.000265952,0.00002696065,0.00004967727,0.00003337152,0.000004833701,0.00004877277,0.00004177471],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7506825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998878,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005968251195299396,"score_gpt":0.2406146584954089,"score_spread":0.2346464073001095,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}