{"id":"W4409321566","doi":"10.1016/j.cma.2025.117936","title":"A hybrid discrete and continuum framework for multiscale modeling of granular media","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering","topic":"Landslides and related hazards","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Granular material; Statistical physics; Multiscale modeling; Classical mechanics; Physics; Computer science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Geology; Geotechnical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004601001,0.0001091809,0.0002245196,0.00005045683,0.00002973867,0.00001526393,0.0000822175,0.00008361651,0.000002527599],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002320331,0.00009481426,0.00002895306,0.00008914123,0.00001064627,0.00002083666,0.0001927845,0.0001400104,7.44931e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000152081,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000187312,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006290737,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001267793,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993601,0.00001090735,0.0001957945,0.0002177425,0.00005204413,0.0001634439],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996136,0.0002045168,0.00002541396,0.0001091166,0.000003181304,0.0000442179],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006286382,0.00003599934,0.000106299,0.0003306715,0.0000569572,0.000003603355,0.000946409,0.3740411,0.02762932,0.2528223,0.00002932594,0.3439352],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003462695,0.00001048872,0.00004257742,0.00007809543,0.0000158107,0.000001245961,0.00001363157,0.9197455,0.002090543,0.07727469,0.0002818647,0.00009925573],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.01581158,0.0002619842,0.9833801,0.00002322602,0.0002463639,0.0001894678,0.000003119826,0.00001989106,0.00006422819],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2788905,0.00009433924,0.7209468,0.00002347503,0.00001572852,0.00001725519,0.000001320512,0.000008444603,0.000002184582],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5457044,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3866413,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00943827236423206,"score_gpt":0.2625490768608996,"score_spread":0.2531108044966676,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}