{"id":"W4409343083","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107128","title":"Development and techno-economic analysis of an innovative solar-based ammonia synthesis system","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","topic":"Ammonia Synthesis and Nitrogen Reduction","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"King Khalid University","keywords":"Ammonia; Ammonia production; Engineering; Environmental science; Biochemical engineering; Chemistry; Process engineering; Environmental engineering; Waste management; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001952034,0.0001553939,0.0002603378,0.0002130262,0.0002812473,0.0004297837,0.0003406271,0.0002846938,0.001261804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001738915,0.0001018061,0.0002802094,0.0001909956,0.0001553523,0.0003105619,0.000230405,0.0002059406,0.0001357904],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000779823,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006005018,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001563863,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002152315,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999896,0.00001512753,0.000002995201,0.00001471214,0.00005888004,0.00001226339],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999523,0.00001431749,0.000007455705,0.000004986651,0.00001540077,0.000005438634],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006246417,0.0005013105,0.003596077,0.000383967,0.0000740692,0.0002888659,0.00004100551,0.2542897,0.6485105,0.009328692,0.0006378758,0.08172342],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001209851,0.001554736,0.005892338,0.000009405846,0.00007888166,0.0001351515,0.00003657579,0.7748843,0.2100918,0.001135787,0.006037421,0.00002246777],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.924548,0.0005762537,0.05629487,0.0001658345,0.0000520676,0.0001660923,0.0001459918,0.0002188285,0.0178321],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9890231,0.0001654674,0.008533712,0.0000082085,0.000005675482,0.00004722738,0.00004667926,0.000008151592,0.002161783],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001563863,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005658031,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006095908685773463,"score_gpt":0.1961257240787151,"score_spread":0.1900298153929417,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}