{"id":"W4409393754","doi":"10.1002/cae.70018","title":"Metaverse for Education: Developments, Challenges, and Future Direction","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computer Applications in Engineering Education","topic":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Trent University; Nottingham Trent University","keywords":"Computer science; Metaverse; Human–computer interaction; Data science; Virtual reality","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001722491,0.0001343629,0.0001254982,0.0003842601,0.00009753452,0.00009074111,0.0003263766,0.00007471938,6.797031e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001296411,0.0001484207,0.00002728237,0.0005972716,0.00001174081,0.0002992597,0.00007684847,0.00008553181,0.00000321685],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016746,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004407649,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009851392,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004689426,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991592,0.00001339171,0.0002277422,0.0003786333,0.00006836798,0.0001526993],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992169,0.00008541031,0.00005100883,0.0004544719,0.0001272919,0.00006493027],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[4.773141e-7,0.0001324,0.00002730673,0.0000869651,0.000007039029,4.816848e-9,0.0002535248,0.00009358233,0.00002188619,0.3993636,0.0007155361,0.5992976],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001616178,0.00001399363,0.04795689,0.00006720173,0.00001017794,0.000003651494,0.0001369859,0.02029607,0.0001478038,0.007390305,0.9236187,0.000196657],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007888552,0.003982801,0.9890181,0.002861232,0.0008740564,0.0009164793,0.000001938356,0.0001342805,0.001422235],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1362482,0.003634836,0.8509137,0.0006950963,0.0009477749,0.006783078,0.0001457168,0.00002637354,0.0006052664],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9229031,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6052421,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01157232384199018,"score_gpt":0.2664351554506804,"score_spread":0.2548628316086902,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}