{"id":"W4409410157","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12040411","title":"Breathomics: A Non-Invasive Approach for the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Bioengineering","topic":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Breast cancer; Medicine; Sampling (signal processing); Medical physics; Mammography; Intensive care medicine; Cancer; Computer science; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003305159,0.000469563,0.001157354,0.0001745169,0.00003250465,0.00001585643,0.000620172,0.0003661811,0.000003999047],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009531894,0.0003368726,0.0004618562,0.0004746668,0.00005931573,0.00004060894,0.0001049346,0.0003276695,9.429353e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002285725,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002612263,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007741561,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001103089,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988323,0.000003620411,0.0004327299,0.0002808627,0.00009308897,0.000357425],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985511,0.0007823999,0.00008727963,0.000500438,0.00004340816,0.00003533696],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001441165,0.00001272337,0.000002678117,0.08201718,0.0004995088,9.706647e-7,0.00001343817,0.04616082,0.0001353479,0.00006723285,0.0006347965,0.8704538],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004348713,0.00002346025,0.000005912238,0.03996601,0.002745134,0.00004778929,0.00008600797,0.02845502,0.01072939,0.00003936878,0.9157581,0.001708923],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000004138458,0.9540559,0.04310366,0.000009716729,0.0002635328,0.001047568,0.0009377126,0.0005015975,0.00007616008],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000155731,0.9905725,0.005645569,0.000002578088,0.0001461789,0.003302496,0.00003591199,0.0001035667,0.00003553577],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9151233,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999083,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02408098052196098,"score_gpt":0.2754851747980471,"score_spread":0.2514041942760861,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}