{"id":"W4409419344","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104040","title":"Mild sulfonation process of food grade algae for removal of methyl violet and methylene blue toxic dyes: Statistical modelling and desirability function optimization","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Algal Research","topic":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Universiti Teknologi MARA; King Saud University","keywords":"Methylene blue; Methyl violet; Algae; Environmental science; Function (biology); Chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Environmental chemistry; Biology; Botany; Organic chemistry; Engineering; Adsorption","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007568153,0.0003702371,0.0004640498,0.0003168695,0.0002785422,0.0004130721,0.0003607627,0.0003943665,0.0003966642],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008988776,0.0001837576,0.0008767241,0.0002488915,0.0002681561,0.0002826958,0.0003215374,0.0004395564,0.00005309604],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006689471,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008055568,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01040644,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008124229,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998521,0.00005189711,0.000009959334,0.00001852647,0.00004520804,0.00002236452],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995639,0.0002911007,0.00005803049,0.00001909364,0.00005168728,0.00001612197],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002257211,0.00009328067,0.001265061,0.00005145419,0.00003834088,0.0000357391,0.00003596894,0.9546911,0.03260104,0.001838061,0.00007792019,0.009046361],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004981574,0.0001208674,0.0004900538,6.4299e-7,0.000008082654,0.000003965738,0.000006245791,0.9878746,0.01106202,0.0003518358,0.00007185979,0.00000485998],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9080397,0.0001067159,0.09099767,0.00009688392,0.00001014975,0.00002010523,0.00005090678,0.00007361428,0.0006041136],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.990818,0.00007369976,0.007781162,0.00001077762,0.000004599119,0.00001779674,0.00004557012,0.000008457106,0.001239997],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01040644,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02069175,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1010650476993766,"score_gpt":0.3836450921925894,"score_spread":0.2825800444932127,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}