{"id":"W4409421195","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.03.355","title":"Life cycle environmental impact assessment and review of hydrogen fuels obtained from various sources for vehicles","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","topic":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Life-cycle assessment; Environmental impact assessment; Environmental science; Hydrogen; Hydrogen fuel; Waste management; Chemistry; Engineering; Production (economics); Economics; Ecology; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004827161,0.0002638581,0.0006594914,0.0002959903,0.00005976707,0.00004565384,0.0006361765,0.00009801232,0.0002073869],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001618742,0.0002213404,0.0004470224,0.0001067285,0.0000871375,0.000216797,0.0001481809,0.0001146129,0.000001582844],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039203,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004426257,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002779252,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001024346,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974595,0.0001854779,0.001179976,0.0002581597,0.0006811855,0.0002356601],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981058,0.0003340556,0.0009201394,0.0002328451,0.0001837979,0.0002234018],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001242876,0.00174764,0.03195745,0.000937082,0.02529597,0.0004230437,0.000558284,0.381902,0.4020721,0.02265212,0.006553636,0.1246578],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01236472,0.001220917,0.00965309,0.01139021,0.001663469,0.0008059369,0.0004826364,0.04533677,0.509228,0.03032439,0.375935,0.001594856],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9537038,0.04111356,0.002418817,0.0007959499,0.0005584719,0.0001034006,0.0001456268,0.00001764625,0.00114268],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9896005,0.00790669,0.0006443333,0.0009262576,0.0004718634,0.00001715181,0.00009797517,0.00003542544,0.0002997357],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3693814,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9026001,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008310424951766104,"score_gpt":0.2747795924835264,"score_spread":0.2664691675317603,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}