{"id":"W4409439325","doi":"10.3390/ijgi14040170","title":"Text Geolocation Prediction via Self-Supervised Learning","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","topic":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Geolocation; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Data science; Information retrieval; World Wide Web","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007173559,0.0001349299,0.0001477851,0.0008443035,0.0001909642,0.0003940529,0.00115638,0.00009655946,0.00003556469],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003632295,0.0001318791,0.0001131051,0.0004473108,0.00002251143,0.005148039,0.0001672372,0.0004590907,0.0001701531],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003048657,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002023119,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000109018,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001666464,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980908,0.00009225198,0.0008511111,0.0001113708,0.0006974421,0.0001570024],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972448,0.0001280568,0.0007335584,0.000226012,0.001599766,0.00006778337],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009184831,0.0001740476,0.02257121,0.00004453169,0.0003404701,0.000003215623,0.003581007,0.0735028,0.0009997832,0.04845821,0.003632828,0.8466001],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001028979,0.00008814468,0.07141878,0.00007538415,0.00002381873,0.00008238719,0.0001058112,0.866937,0.0005784984,0.002529244,0.05700766,0.0001242909],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02788097,0.00003036228,0.9584119,0.007370256,0.001589983,0.0001621864,0.000003670209,0.0001780373,0.004372586],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.951684,0.00004864871,0.04717465,0.000775527,0.0001580049,0.00001507969,0.00004761561,0.000004211111,0.00009226755],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.923803,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5377875,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.002775509087899699,"score_gpt":0.2437083833860502,"score_spread":0.2409328742981505,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}