{"id":"W4409451521","doi":"10.1139/er-2024-0133","title":"A review of public perception and awareness of e-waste management in developing countries: challenges and opportunities for sustainable solutions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Environmental Reviews","topic":"Recycling and Waste Management Techniques","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Developing country; Business; Perception; Environmental planning; Environmental resource management; Natural resource economics; Sustainability; Sustainable development; Consumer awareness; Environmental science; Environmental economics; Economic growth; Psychology; Economics; Ecology; Marketing; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002245341,0.0003512492,0.001567563,0.0002172147,0.00008848537,0.00001565028,0.0002533151,0.000109362,0.00003373552],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005005432,0.0003002214,0.0001907179,0.0001355298,0.0002816712,0.000214616,0.0007359025,0.00009138415,0.000002761257],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003315305,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002347648,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001277292,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006660033,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976143,0.0003173867,0.001082122,0.000483995,0.0001853987,0.0003168436],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988787,0.0001177469,0.000584772,0.0003656755,0.000002094365,0.00005099775],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[7.259357e-7,0.00002856847,0.00000773548,0.2350989,0.00002278338,0.000001468046,0.00003555007,4.725002e-8,7.58147e-8,0.0009274525,0.0006704879,0.7632062],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008571446,0.00003711536,0.00004050255,0.1097064,0.0003197542,0.000002575348,0.0005743627,0.000002942641,2.404997e-7,0.0001272076,0.8888882,0.0002150056],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00000833247,0.9926707,0.0005366474,0.0002281285,0.00001907124,0.003749213,0.00001554023,0.00001221424,0.002760176],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00000626256,0.9957145,0.001588038,0.0001620585,0.00000720496,0.001216446,0.00007290065,0.00002043411,0.001212121],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8882177,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999945,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1534796693084785,"score_gpt":0.3380270493818534,"score_spread":0.1845473800733749,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}