{"id":"W4409465448","doi":"10.1080/10643389.2025.2488808","title":"Recent advances in layered double hydroxides for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment: A critical review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology","topic":"Layered Double Hydroxides Synthesis and Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Layered double hydroxides; Wastewater; Environmental science; Waste management; Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental engineering; Hydroxide; Inorganic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009428181,0.001250327,0.001369776,0.002435232,0.000397646,0.00125075,0.0008894929,0.001159441,0.003902185],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000926968,0.0005056995,0.0007943158,0.002794644,0.0004250687,0.001919163,0.0008167135,0.001724925,0.001741847],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005623137,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001317243,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007905042,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001364422,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996914,0.00004923288,0.00004344575,0.00005746341,0.0001216633,0.00003675604],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993351,0.000312805,0.00009826077,0.00001578652,0.0001899063,0.00004812136],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001220279,0.0001691097,0.000282635,0.07416523,0.0002027362,0.0004125173,0.0002140952,0.001061608,0.0131509,0.008220247,0.045375,0.8566238],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001332257,0.0001821497,0.0003750016,0.003109645,0.0001908578,0.0005474275,0.00009263476,0.0001927199,0.002645229,0.001953373,0.9906636,0.00003404295],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002252118,0.9980277,0.000349185,0.0002772954,0.0003231285,0.000007907265,0.0000176011,0.00001046945,0.0007614855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0009120929,0.9978114,0.0003761229,0.0002107931,0.0002291557,0.000009970011,0.00002899277,0.000002380351,0.0004191845],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003902185,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01305413,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0706429869264918,"score_gpt":0.404641117678701,"score_spread":0.3339981307522092,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}