{"id":"W4409473223","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/jdtkh_v1","title":"Familiarity, aptness, concreteness, metaphoricity, and structure norms for 300 two-word metaphors in context and in isolation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Concreteness; Metaphor; Isolation (microbiology); Linguistics; Word (group theory); Context (archaeology); Psychology; Cognitive psychology; History; Philosophy; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002178791,0.0004536653,0.0005166397,0.001427333,0.0003998341,0.0008120408,0.0002480354,0.000613267,0.003100804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02268218,0.0002444264,0.0003772441,0.0008819817,0.0006941612,0.0009618303,0.0008886416,0.0005756571,0.0008663532],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002165387,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001452869,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006549559,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001467975,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988456,0.0003519485,0.0002025989,0.000216849,0.0003117193,0.00007134696],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9818375,0.01025982,0.00308846,0.001566679,0.002445986,0.0008016101],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0028057,0.0009977354,0.7276338,0.001009646,0.0004838661,0.0008789715,0.07499669,0.001282617,0.08607133,0.001066726,0.00195407,0.1008189],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000577952,0.001112499,0.9792445,0.00002638868,0.00007099791,0.0009032464,0.008580863,0.001525081,0.005527397,0.0009109642,0.001907907,0.0001324406],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978477,0.00006593023,0.0007235832,0.000008498739,0.000004039409,0.0000593776,0.0003731579,0.00001826734,0.0008995113],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959352,0.00005967486,0.002181407,0.00001544083,0.00001178505,0.0002968145,0.0008266097,0.00001709094,0.0006559088],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003100804,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01152265,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0214127880709134,"score_gpt":0.3119591241277058,"score_spread":0.2905463360567924,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}