{"id":"W4409503838","doi":"10.1148/ryai.240528","title":"The BraTS-Africa Dataset: Expanding the Brain Tumor Segmentation Data to Capture African Populations","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Radiology Artificial Intelligence","topic":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","field":"Medicine","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital; Lawson Health Research Institute; McGill University; University of British Columbia","funders":"National Cancer Institute","keywords":"Segmentation; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001404895,0.0001459356,0.0002108586,0.0001064378,0.0008711874,0.00009268244,0.0007446517,0.00005941585,0.00008140588],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003428572,0.00008660214,0.00004078167,0.0005559254,0.0003708244,0.00008176918,0.0002533767,0.0005336127,0.00007671826],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000755856,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000133151,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002158439,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002326217,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983471,0.0002550582,0.0004358761,0.0004260523,0.0001777802,0.0003581419],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976889,0.001062486,0.0000961149,0.0009888307,0.00005210282,0.0001115985],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004253259,0.0001541743,0.002920195,0.00003829811,0.0002281746,0.00008526794,0.004156924,0.003282717,0.02808438,0.1147445,0.5834493,0.2624308],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000262574,0.0003096269,0.008515775,0.0002343158,0.0004531775,0.0004129636,0.01533196,0.2417415,0.004804884,0.02913942,0.6982046,0.0005891614],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04533416,0.001873587,0.5406687,0.4036482,0.002893157,0.001778443,0.0003712738,0.000163579,0.003268979],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9837621,0.00004206619,0.003752472,0.01013126,0.0004071938,0.00006425769,0.0007033948,0.00001828653,0.00111892],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.938428,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6700557,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08928174279245121,"score_gpt":0.4013705145981823,"score_spread":0.3120887718057311,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}