{"id":"W4409509841","doi":"10.1007/s41134-025-00368-w","title":"Frozen, Invisible, Indefinite: Immigration Detention in Canada and the Carceral Violence of Temporal Torment","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Human Rights and Social Work","topic":"Migration, Health and Trauma","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Rehabilitation Institute; McMaster University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Immigration detention; Immigration; Criminology; Political science; Law; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000795902,0.0002210732,0.0003625647,0.001202275,0.01959943,0.005131652,0.002017982,0.0028615,0.007007282],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004762594,0.0003627839,0.0003369449,0.002419882,0.00559624,0.001874337,0.004586645,0.007695603,0.0002090379],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.04228569,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.09509073,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9818526,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9940709,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982454,0.0001995486,0.00003995123,0.00006944538,0.0002457774,0.001200002],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974415,0.0002279746,0.0005210169,0.00005291029,0.0004929964,0.001263581],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003896737,0.001010302,0.5360619,0.0001301729,0.00008488102,0.006429004,0.3709274,0.0004088363,0.0004016335,0.02684018,0.02232692,0.03498905],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001371742,0.00004406338,0.1793392,0.0003367641,0.00003723603,0.0007455336,0.8025063,0.0002298654,0.00008674753,0.001653722,0.0149354,0.00007150473],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9696934,0.000935731,0.00005434974,0.01677248,0.0001358537,0.00003112581,0.0001606653,0.000003871233,0.01221256],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958791,0.0005838643,0.00003136497,0.001109438,0.00002697766,0.000005172337,0.00004783367,0.000006293866,0.002309985],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04228569,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3068056,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01117682096703175,"score_gpt":0.2825571741492809,"score_spread":0.2713803531822492,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}