{"id":"W4409512789","doi":"10.1017/jfm.2025.195","title":"Birth of a bubble: drop impact onto a thin liquid film for an immiscible three-fluid system","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Bubble; Drop (telecommunication); Mechanics; Materials science; Drop impact; Thermodynamics; Wetting; Computer science; Composite material; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002506516,0.0004427503,0.0007511589,0.0006305054,0.0007741086,0.001120397,0.0008612563,0.00160183,0.003522534],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001050652,0.0003718922,0.0007302726,0.0002301962,0.001048145,0.0008774357,0.001302881,0.0009054565,0.0002624131],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001098585,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007362647,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008319562,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003419428,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998418,0.00002171236,0.000006402023,0.0000272044,0.00004903256,0.00005377382],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999657,0.0001613244,0.00005436512,0.0000182424,0.00004222081,0.00006689315],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004904117,0.000200362,0.007582546,0.0005488329,0.0001087754,0.006154023,0.0007856644,0.7485961,0.1453973,0.07815852,0.0009674691,0.01101003],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002221048,0.00006225281,0.0006088535,0.000009719644,0.00001272251,0.0001285672,0.00006223464,0.9900981,0.006532444,0.001979597,0.0004661135,0.000017194],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8719103,0.001027799,0.1071466,0.0007155682,0.0002085684,0.0001489795,0.0003066139,0.0002095547,0.01832591],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.986374,0.0003477563,0.007795098,0.00005933018,0.00002818206,0.00005049487,0.000128975,0.00003867277,0.005177536],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008319562,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01654226,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01003231846919833,"score_gpt":0.2460911682155178,"score_spread":0.2360588497463195,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}