{"id":"W4409522867","doi":"10.1080/10401334.2025.2492620","title":"Examining Differences in the Preparation and Performance of US MCAT Examinees from Lower-SES Backgrounds: Awareness, Access, and Action Insights to Narrow Learning Opportunity and Performance Gaps and Promote Learning for All Aspiring Physicians","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Teaching and Learning in Medicine","topic":"Innovations in Medical Education","field":"Medicine","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Columbia College","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Action (physics); Medical education; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Medicine; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004469073,0.0002252084,0.0001643201,0.001583923,0.0007510408,0.0009106151,0.0003955546,0.0004073447,0.0008891789],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01713003,0.0002128362,0.0003696044,0.001101817,0.0005170139,0.0007980448,0.001739556,0.0005720491,0.0001502911],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007368823,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002552809,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01694365,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04822267,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983566,0.0005382497,0.0002245539,0.0001477063,0.0004561579,0.000276569],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9930086,0.002242456,0.002446139,0.0002694719,0.00117738,0.0008559247],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001345026,0.00005492742,0.9909508,0.00003316389,0.00003201671,0.00002631983,0.002290367,0.00001435511,0.0001255868,0.00004317195,0.0002280157,0.006187904],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001495223,0.00005293274,0.9938635,0.00004042629,0.0000126945,0.00003237146,0.005376006,0.00004669084,0.0001190874,0.00002289811,0.0004293966,0.000002520155],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983309,0.0002938833,0.00007146413,0.0004292927,0.000008159082,0.00001108709,0.00007654445,0.000001665239,0.0007769045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991178,0.0003413777,0.0001496102,0.0001137066,0.00000734161,0.00001704318,0.0001027315,0.000001143975,0.0001491177],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01694365,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03369004,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07287473292260677,"score_gpt":0.3670076569523261,"score_spread":0.2941329240297193,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}