{"id":"W4409526881","doi":"10.5430/wjel.v15n5p301","title":"The Production of Laterals by English-Arabic Bilingual Children","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Journal of English Language","topic":"Language, Linguistics, Cultural Analysis","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Arabic; Production (economics); Computer science; Linguistics; Natural language processing; Philosophy; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002892381,0.000435521,0.000248402,0.0004644751,0.0003856821,0.0007115832,0.0001262228,0.0002002474,0.005280753],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001002501,0.0002351087,0.0001249032,0.0001543175,0.0004000501,0.0003179759,0.0005592566,0.0002652118,0.000811359],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002265775,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002942816,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002911982,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005451482,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999792,0.00002990036,0.00001503271,0.00005023315,0.00007191965,0.0000409628],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999335,0.0001583594,0.000195899,0.00004540081,0.0001316013,0.0001337066],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001295293,0.000241039,0.2219654,0.0002620762,0.00002192822,0.003343316,0.02113247,0.00007189166,0.7069857,0.0007359361,0.0003554596,0.04358955],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000410501,0.0009505788,0.9310963,0.00005568457,0.00004461283,0.008078644,0.02072024,0.0003735013,0.03435318,0.0002751427,0.003967115,0.00004387835],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982972,0.00004227975,0.00009372123,0.00001147714,0.000002640373,0.000003698357,0.00004343521,0.000008968287,0.001496588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974916,0.00007177176,0.0004541982,0.00001580598,0.000002439668,0.00001097519,0.0000569684,0.00001102367,0.00188505],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005280753,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01766592,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006248559573222478,"score_gpt":0.2255703933169624,"score_spread":0.2193218337437399,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}