{"id":"W4409538493","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c10597","title":"Viscosity and Phase State of Wildfire Smoke Particles in the Stratosphere from Pyrocumulonimbus Events: An Initial Assessment","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Environment and Climate Change Canada; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Stratosphere; Smoke; Environmental science; Viscosity; Phase (matter); Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Physics; Thermodynamics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003164363,0.0003275959,0.000161811,0.0004984912,0.0002535532,0.00054168,0.0001990927,0.0003831279,0.000360599],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000336334,0.0001492982,0.0002954358,0.0001389824,0.0001828578,0.0005774835,0.0002419833,0.0002162791,0.00005997611],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002929522,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001222275,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003864871,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004498113,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999369,0.000008864716,0.000004602003,0.00001578585,0.00002006189,0.00001371192],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999915,0.0000230003,0.0000222254,0.000005707063,0.00001982173,0.00001431563],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004809416,0.0002203442,0.541573,0.000106592,0.00009851209,0.0002294944,0.0002213086,0.006541015,0.4342916,0.0002249801,0.0001164592,0.01589564],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002033785,0.0004221415,0.8528717,0.00001795137,0.00007565036,0.0001084948,0.00032506,0.05104334,0.09422433,0.0002419436,0.0006181127,0.00003092374],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991948,0.0001365073,0.0003873155,0.00001010469,0.000002074092,0.000009096134,0.00008094843,0.000009353791,0.0001698725],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991792,0.00009196287,0.0004838977,0.000006301307,0.000003973282,0.000004604792,0.0001807513,0.00000292609,0.00004648147],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003864871,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007684767,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00904462546875148,"score_gpt":0.2704117536194983,"score_spread":0.2613671281507468,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}