{"id":"W4409542857","doi":"10.1039/d5sc00932d","title":"Advances in layer manganese dioxide for energy conversion and storage: mechanisms, strategies and prospects","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Chemical Science","topic":"Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province; National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Northern Borders University","keywords":"Supercapacitor; Manganese; Energy storage; Capacitance; Layer (electronics); Materials science; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Electrode; Physics; Metallurgy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004642119,0.0002123994,0.0005689915,0.0001134561,0.0001086426,0.000271785,0.0003282082,0.0001354137,0.00001595347],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001464737,0.0001589247,0.00003680209,0.0003299123,0.000449768,0.000781267,0.0001887118,0.00006222272,0.00000188561],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001026327,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002489232,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003394439,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003575021,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985507,0.00003161089,0.0002708124,0.0006476806,0.0002072273,0.0002919655],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994211,0.000147384,0.0001087429,0.0001791399,0.00005457518,0.0000890692],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009772442,0.00002740437,5.908865e-7,0.009168637,0.000001254592,0.000003163198,0.00006408671,2.327915e-7,0.7408586,0.02676426,0.00001490705,0.2230871],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000881562,0.0001645282,0.00001784924,0.01427186,0.0002061961,0.00006959393,0.0005778029,0.000189292,0.6238632,0.02507761,0.3330727,0.001607861],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.005037414,0.992921,0.0009255307,0.00001541278,0.0004116646,0.0004433526,0.00002992303,0.00003693713,0.0001787699],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01495028,0.9830844,0.001653741,0.00002138418,0.00006097572,0.0001759512,0.00001124806,0.000009445406,0.00003262719],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3330578,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6480759,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01912001067677778,"score_gpt":0.2911663020199307,"score_spread":0.2720462913431529,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}