{"id":"W4409569389","doi":"10.3390/insects16040427","title":"Farmers’ Perception of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) as an Invasive Pest and Its Management","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Insects","topic":"Insect Resistance and Genetics","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Directorate for Biological Sciences; RUDN University; Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission; Alberta Agricultural Research Institute; University of Karachi","keywords":"Fall armyworm; Biology; Crop; Infestation; Agriculture; Agronomy; Cash crop; Fodder; PEST analysis; Integrated pest management; Biotechnology; Toxicology; Spodoptera; Ecology; Horticulture","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006774011,0.000124105,0.0001117386,0.00007159421,0.00006137179,0.00001786973,0.0001239225,0.0001116308,0.00001640706],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001242981,0.0001260664,0.00004084737,0.00008443768,0.00004596512,0.000004714614,0.00008707567,0.00005361515,0.000007165018],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001219509,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004706177,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003246004,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002260053,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992906,0.00003078028,0.0001462892,0.0002781879,0.00009474951,0.0001593763],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995981,0.000005881684,0.00004643035,0.0002246168,0.00007867492,0.0000463116],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002085843,0.0001233074,0.005897327,0.0002425865,0.0001034769,0.00001397981,0.0005184964,0.00002050921,0.9803605,0.001215047,0.0004199773,0.01087619],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001796991,0.001247932,0.2080185,0.0001749302,0.0001161422,0.00001857664,0.002838994,0.00004412309,0.7672936,0.001139517,0.01680709,0.0005036222],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9852219,0.0007967615,0.0000755679,0.00005866324,0.0001086757,0.0001995619,0.000007145798,0.000007572698,0.01352416],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959182,0.001395202,0.0003064291,0.0006448786,0.00005781983,0.00001636934,0.0000583785,0.00000995671,0.001592821],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.213067,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5140839,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006759068604715285,"score_gpt":0.2508379035521735,"score_spread":0.2440788349474582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}