{"id":"W4409574055","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104378","title":"Investigating radiocarbon isotope anomalies in CO2 for CCS monitoring: Insights from the Aquistore project and the influence of coal mine spoils","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of greenhouse gas control","topic":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University","funders":"Mitacs; Petroleum Technology Research Centre","keywords":"Coal mining; Radiocarbon dating; Coal; Environmental science; Isotope; Isotopes of carbon; Mining engineering; Geology; Geochemistry; Waste management; Environmental chemistry; Engineering; Chemistry; Total organic carbon; Paleontology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001068262,0.000332707,0.0002131211,0.0006628017,0.0005277857,0.0005550946,0.0005117328,0.000436548,0.0003884489],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009330839,0.0001336035,0.0001345252,0.001077739,0.0005528469,0.0006561537,0.0005071785,0.0002894359,0.00006623114],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001332104,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001743931,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0824316,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.249049,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999585,0.00007601329,0.00001351561,0.00006510871,0.0001930521,0.00006746328],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992099,0.0001402593,0.00018593,0.00005334254,0.0002796207,0.0001310354],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003981071,0.0003217864,0.8998111,0.00012024,0.00006549455,0.0009574867,0.001656976,0.00467244,0.03803195,0.0007821798,0.00114403,0.05203824],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001296917,0.000262949,0.9709373,0.00002514415,0.00003159334,0.0001454701,0.002035888,0.009805188,0.01263903,0.0002814662,0.003796624,0.00002639825],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976083,0.00005450855,0.000365677,0.0001104393,0.000002252101,0.00001856921,0.0003404833,0.00001612447,0.001483579],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974926,0.00008138781,0.001408024,0.00002521144,0.000002556782,0.00001685437,0.0003846444,0.00001274967,0.0005760473],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0824316,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1639036,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009243547029322384,"score_gpt":0.2429739485198637,"score_spread":0.2337304014905413,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}