{"id":"W4409576853","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-44-313219-3.00058-7","title":"Chemical energy production","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Production (economics); Environmental science; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001587573,0.001222712,0.0007018432,0.00157074,0.0008670568,0.001841564,0.0007916734,0.0009521749,0.1846413],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002047461,0.000575949,0.0004829119,0.001931684,0.0004734107,0.001912558,0.001615449,0.001412389,0.129332],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009425123,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000600654,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002379887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005011271,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998387,0.000005191387,0.000004447837,0.00004084203,0.00009590315,0.00001487506],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999949,0.000007976671,0.000002833046,0.00001451175,0.00001955997,0.000006173476],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004103073,0.0000685437,0.0001362445,0.0006292087,0.00001017578,0.0001451649,0.0001209734,0.0009250334,0.01863866,0.03988623,0.1858707,0.7535281],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003858242,0.00001670166,0.0002630949,0.0001082635,0.000004486856,0.0001722374,0.00002444283,0.0003669302,0.004239183,0.005750639,0.9890451,0.000005103074],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.001185094,0.01046715,0.007279253,0.0004256985,0.0005928489,0.00004520484,0.0005747727,0.0006025285,0.9788275],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.003384243,0.005396096,0.002004802,0.0001160261,0.00006794983,0.00002461592,0.0004723004,0.0001513329,0.9883825],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1846413,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6176867,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00609499122811954,"score_gpt":0.1855329111461851,"score_spread":0.1794379199180656,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}