{"id":"W4409581313","doi":"10.1109/mpe.2025.3551394","title":"Deep decarbonization: Challenges in high-renewables penetration [Editor’s Voice]","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Power and Energy Magazine","topic":"Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Renewable energy; Penetration (warfare); Market penetration; Engineering physics; Business; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Operations research","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001517629,0.0001442048,0.0002000327,0.0003237781,0.00009730618,0.00004425569,0.0001349541,0.0001339603,0.00006062696],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004930676,0.0001388638,0.00002059739,0.0003265477,0.0001222937,0.0001335902,0.00005206218,0.00004933826,0.00002383837],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003217898,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001975374,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006562574,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00253557,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990441,0.00004653634,0.0002354176,0.0003319343,0.0001304839,0.0002115882],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995719,0.0000630781,0.00005816741,0.0002177666,0.00005634355,0.00003281278],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002088501,0.0006146258,0.01921758,0.0002029528,0.0001510942,0.00004604662,0.00226969,0.007235802,0.6105748,0.2417888,0.07691894,0.04077079],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004028401,0.0004217348,0.2752585,0.0002071029,0.0001050104,0.00002076493,0.00139594,0.004678485,0.07588834,0.03987519,0.5967687,0.001351765],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9230663,0.02374678,0.00285556,0.007174527,0.01177338,0.0001393427,0.00001382137,0.0005800146,0.03065027],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952025,0.003443058,0.000309078,0.0001963809,0.0002401732,0.0000265005,0.000006012981,0.00001195823,0.0005642993],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5346864,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5662703,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00989360230345909,"score_gpt":0.2253597461788439,"score_spread":0.2154661438753848,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}