{"id":"W4409585698","doi":"10.1111/acfi.70028","title":"Business Group Affiliation and Investment Efficiency: International Evidence","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Accounting and Finance","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Corporate group; Business; Group (periodic table); Investment (military); Economics; Accounting; Monetary economics; Finance; Corporate governance; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002928729,0.0001421534,0.0001400648,0.0001290466,0.0002151281,0.0003050636,0.0001718888,0.0000522155,0.000005827358],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002653045,0.0001390779,0.00001856131,0.0006077407,0.00008083445,0.001554269,0.0001713959,0.00008883271,0.00001953862],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002382586,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002379486,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004625486,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008132232,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991018,0.000003336344,0.0002038552,0.0003540568,0.0001549052,0.0001820474],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994029,0.00004935069,0.0002255703,0.0001489848,0.0001698647,0.00000330543],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007346261,0.00008627021,0.6773849,0.0003295244,0.00001725154,0.00001044628,0.00005900432,0.0001975803,0.0006232702,0.2625696,0.007268054,0.05138065],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003522652,0.000003965094,0.8514704,0.0005166071,0.00001866382,0.000001416294,0.00002111542,0.007510389,0.00001914626,0.003861516,0.1360561,0.000168486],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9876783,0.001734467,0.00211312,0.0030538,0.0007177734,0.000146474,0.000002282079,0.00006290228,0.00449086],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939189,0.0009029723,0.0002263288,0.003966479,0.0003072305,0.00002190718,0.000006141958,0.000007974251,0.0006420533],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2587081,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5671431,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01293002994656657,"score_gpt":0.2182026422836486,"score_spread":0.2052726123370821,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}