{"id":"W4409603286","doi":"10.1080/17425255.2025.2495955","title":"DILI prediction in drug development: present and future","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology","topic":"Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection","field":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Drug development; Drug; Medicine; Intensive care medicine; Pharmacology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001860635,0.001163819,0.002665204,0.001450456,0.000615402,0.00006312799,0.0006774462,0.002422486,0.0007513319],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001244515,0.001069607,0.0004073188,0.0009793686,0.0002598806,0.0002478191,0.0004139615,0.003798192,0.0002364844],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004660867,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009182705,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006249701,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006796708,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9913767,0.004019046,0.001666093,0.001516338,0.0003706997,0.001051108],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971491,0.00116297,0.0006138262,0.0005771018,0.00009540794,0.000401566],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001493792,0.0006589828,0.000009112139,0.002783804,0.0002965504,0.00002225868,0.002290796,0.00001176214,0.00001984902,0.002159607,0.02023548,0.9713624],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001533489,0.00004799944,0.00008686273,0.001734264,0.0001142824,0.00004687324,0.0001684139,0.00004623354,0.0004705097,0.0001408758,0.9948338,0.0007763458],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001876075,0.9663855,0.00001459932,0.001690761,0.02159522,0.003404136,0.000170186,0.0002575572,0.006294409],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00007169966,0.985701,0.000187275,0.001459508,0.005742923,0.002828616,0.0003911646,0.00009262163,0.003525195],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9745983,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991754,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1154834104572662,"score_gpt":0.4469003716693024,"score_spread":0.3314169612120362,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}