{"id":"W4409603706","doi":"10.61091/jcmcc127b-237","title":"A neural network-based quantification of risk in large health investments and its applicability to international investment law","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Combinatorial Mathematics and Combinatorial Computing","topic":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Artificial neural network; International investment; Investment (military); Business; Actuarial science; Law; Economics; Political science; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Foreign direct investment","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001999683,0.0001768199,0.0004606843,0.0003125425,0.0001683343,0.0001840835,0.000260055,0.00006710304,0.000005714895],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003999678,0.0001662054,0.00007648711,0.0003982026,0.00004758952,0.000338627,0.0001948268,0.0002370761,0.000001388097],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001008554,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008293425,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009737725,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000168832,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979712,0.00005730429,0.001133495,0.0001966542,0.0004279555,0.0002134063],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979565,0.0002383835,0.001151973,0.0001240624,0.000484584,0.00004452021],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001087492,0.0005735105,0.002145713,0.0001896086,0.00003972671,0.000001065487,0.0001263609,0.0008211269,0.00007085811,0.9956025,0.0001865114,0.0001342988],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0053783,0.0001399204,0.004925909,0.0005642569,0.00004794214,0.000001832005,0.0001358301,0.1651447,0.0002307751,0.8176051,0.005621186,0.0002042764],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.975174,0.0002459983,0.004464302,0.002094039,0.008561075,0.0008740932,0.000007682069,0.00002958772,0.008549252],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928327,0.000008682147,0.001108786,0.005452446,0.0005719938,0.000005492115,0.000006848916,0.00001121867,0.000001822675],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1779974,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.677766,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01748103705518317,"score_gpt":0.2738257802765378,"score_spread":0.2563447432213546,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}