{"id":"W4409624349","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x25000032","title":"Conscious artificial intelligence and biological naturalism","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","funders":"","keywords":"Consciousness; Naturalism; Cognitive science; Natural (archaeology); Artificial intelligence; Epistemology; Psychology; Ask price; Artificial consciousness; Computer science; Philosophy; History","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004353982,0.0001101719,0.0001199414,0.0001582143,0.0006352774,0.0001987437,0.0002699198,0.00007663749,0.00005623667],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007803169,0.00007807302,0.00001858527,0.0008107789,0.004788296,0.0001603377,0.000213402,0.00021497,0.00000749228],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008594499,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005084868,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002774563,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001991758,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986571,0.00008920962,0.0002424198,0.0005317744,0.0002291843,0.0002503283],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992512,0.0005007817,0.00005569305,0.00009410277,0.00003220838,0.00006600779],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008788194,0.0001255648,0.00140489,0.000007160183,6.864939e-7,0.00001623619,0.0002310346,3.724569e-7,0.493673,0.4230992,0.0005680873,0.08086501],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002137943,0.0009599368,0.01287648,0.00009649517,0.00001810521,0.00006516361,0.001135347,0.0006359753,0.4901643,0.4837635,0.009467264,0.0006036048],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9796867,0.00007457914,0.0004206368,0.01855804,0.0004249499,0.0001578478,0.00001099577,0.00006296925,0.0006032849],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932668,0.00005416543,0.0003616851,0.005923372,0.00002917077,0.00001194941,7.348563e-7,0.000001870822,0.0003502259],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0802614,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979201,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2845259003705675,"score_gpt":0.4330015061458461,"score_spread":0.1484756057752786,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}