{"id":"W4409651616","doi":"10.23977/jeeem.2025.080108","title":"Method of Harmonic Differential Protection for PV Grid-Connected Loads Based on Characteristic Signal Injection","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Electrotechnology Electrical Engineering and Management","topic":"Smart Grid and Power Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Differential protection; Grid; SIGNAL (programming language); Harmonic; Differential (mechanical device); Harmonic analysis; Control theory (sociology); Environmental science; Electronic engineering; Electrical engineering; Computer science; Acoustics; Physics; Mathematics; Engineering; Voltage; Aerospace engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001686357,0.000437094,0.0003492298,0.0005188128,0.0003268864,0.0004197499,0.0007982989,0.0004068476,0.002508797],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003572527,0.0001590602,0.0003142647,0.0002786487,0.0003439275,0.0007321467,0.0005154816,0.0004830856,0.0004373909],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002938638,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003239176,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002484711,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002874103,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999666,0.00004635295,0.00001942344,0.00007078613,0.000179391,0.00001807893],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998521,0.0000385256,0.00002106929,0.00002807808,0.00005120569,0.00000901215],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004440245,0.000119317,0.0008474557,0.0004772748,0.00005670224,0.0004042702,0.0003350693,0.02450913,0.3050103,0.03742185,0.002244442,0.6281301],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002041847,0.000877811,0.001947052,0.00008741882,0.0001130647,0.002350649,0.00009063147,0.7375684,0.215654,0.01193828,0.02908342,0.00008521008],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.006155949,0.0001439473,0.9903764,0.00004441333,0.00004956594,0.00005218637,0.00001098335,0.0004774508,0.002689016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7462116,0.0005111885,0.2466979,0.0001438091,0.000115959,0.0001358098,0.00006252467,0.00009401212,0.006027102],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002508797,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008392751,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004707365009996019,"score_gpt":0.2083297046963442,"score_spread":0.2036223396863481,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}