{"id":"W4409654892","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197762097.013.0017","title":"Resistance to Fossil Fuel Extraction Projects in Africa as Climate Action","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Oxford University Press eBooks","topic":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Resistance (ecology); Fossil fuel; Extraction (chemistry); Action (physics); Environmental science; Natural resource economics; Environmental protection; Waste management; Engineering; Ecology; Economics; Biology; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006894374,0.0002085692,0.00009509935,0.0006330283,0.0009691396,0.002561637,0.0002682267,0.0009044731,0.006252212],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00163647,0.0001025748,0.00006917314,0.001341995,0.00122512,0.001649026,0.001105608,0.001117003,0.0004303314],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001763188,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001109079,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002816003,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00459133,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996351,0.0001760669,0.000008365778,0.00002182062,0.00009029502,0.0000683001],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994266,0.0003970685,0.00006753916,0.00001780017,0.00004546225,0.00004551869],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003385306,0.00005293083,0.002235727,0.0002906526,0.000005522862,0.001228513,0.03895618,0.001156505,0.000898845,0.7098293,0.05966148,0.1856506],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005383069,0.00001957978,0.003859581,0.0008003383,0.000002574862,0.000450524,0.008838385,0.0005248847,0.0005734367,0.02189677,0.9630195,0.000009018032],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1203657,0.06208428,0.001460025,0.0258456,0.0007792311,0.00003803173,0.00006925158,0.00003072088,0.7893273],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7479402,0.04494794,0.0005277624,0.001189411,0.0002532581,0.00003305334,0.00003506722,0.00002595871,0.2050473],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006252212,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02091569,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05167277675925679,"score_gpt":0.2185484236070422,"score_spread":0.1668756468477854,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}