{"id":"W4409662444","doi":"10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100191","title":"Policy implications of net-zero emissions: A multi-model analysis of United States emissions and energy system impacts","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy and Climate Change","topic":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Inro Consultants (Canada); Environment and Climate Change Canada; Simon Fraser University","funders":"Economic Research Service; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; U.S. Department of Agriculture; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Energy system; Environmental science; Natural resource economics; Zero emission; Net (polyhedron); Greenhouse gas; Zero (linguistics); Energy (signal processing); Economics; Environmental economics; Engineering; Mathematics; Statistics; Waste management","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002750448,0.000194396,0.0006843014,0.001673529,0.0001803099,0.00002809083,0.0001495543,0.0001631782,0.00003557479],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007341895,0.0002065352,0.0001357668,0.001294782,0.0001058828,0.0001317005,0.000184835,0.00005256041,0.000001116973],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007644589,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002278371,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007002912,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001123267,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985376,0.0000234871,0.0007272213,0.0003574436,0.00001959022,0.0003346625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987918,0.0001425921,0.0004673909,0.0003795698,0.00005226839,0.0001664273],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002988621,0.000119355,0.02962501,0.0002800521,0.0004489357,3.986899e-7,0.00161878,0.0008300308,0.0001315546,0.9657643,0.0002219608,0.0009297627],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001654151,0.00008074501,0.05169103,0.0004636558,0.0006244647,0.000005285262,0.002665173,0.8997335,0.0006426127,0.0301914,0.01152279,0.0007251397],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9252855,0.01591344,0.01189393,0.005636382,0.0002152469,0.0002564411,0.0149948,0.0001415365,0.02566268],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9596885,0.03833762,0.0001913012,0.0006994226,0.00002746858,0.0000712014,0.0005052914,0.00001808939,0.0004610621],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9355729,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996095,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08511265189350943,"score_gpt":0.2987246745379402,"score_spread":0.2136120226444308,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}