{"id":"W4409668509","doi":"10.3390/su17093782","title":"Looking Beyond Lithium for Breakthroughs in Magnesium-Ion Batteries as Sustainable Solutions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sustainability","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"New Brunswick Community College","funders":"","keywords":"Lithium (medication); Magnesium; Ion; Environmental science; Materials science; Chemistry; Metallurgy; Medicine; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009822812,0.0006240547,0.0006380536,0.0005678369,0.0006715079,0.002233718,0.001077974,0.002005549,0.004753413],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001130605,0.0002297344,0.000640759,0.0006590441,0.001138915,0.005784943,0.001544807,0.001900359,0.00292449],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00146949,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001152327,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006616827,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002152561,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994788,0.0001001878,0.00002228609,0.0000819946,0.0002366234,0.00008016772],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997815,0.00006756851,0.0000234829,0.00002780888,0.00006276288,0.00003678748],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004850723,0.0002674995,0.001833343,0.006371782,0.0001282453,0.00130582,0.001156604,0.005580394,0.2287668,0.3401672,0.0280929,0.3858443],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004677888,0.0006541688,0.0004542619,0.0008690932,0.00008329,0.0006795932,0.0006956897,0.005169178,0.1220958,0.123309,0.7458696,0.00007356804],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1203259,0.6609564,0.07921059,0.06290909,0.003923537,0.0001310946,0.0005661643,0.001044614,0.0709326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5150459,0.3958535,0.04556184,0.007376751,0.001174283,0.0001432555,0.0004856647,0.000370441,0.0339884],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004753413,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01590174,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006196761594415714,"score_gpt":0.2718799391750345,"score_spread":0.2656831775806188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}