{"id":"W4409737509","doi":"10.1101/gr.280161.124","title":"Extreme heterochiasmy and high rates of sex-reversed recombination result in large yet homomorphic sex chromosomes in the Emei moustache toad","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Genome Research","topic":"Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Biology; Genetics; Pseudoautosomal region; Recombination; X chromosome; Chromosome; Chiasma; Sex reversal; Meiosis; Y chromosome; Sex linkage; Population; Karyotype; Evolutionary biology; Gene","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00153593,0.0001123199,0.0001904264,0.0001852262,0.00009319898,0.00003965254,0.0003054359,0.0001461812,0.00004486814],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001918791,0.00008932054,0.0000412531,0.0003354058,0.0001882803,0.000007302274,0.0001927552,0.0002456079,0.000004256266],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002130584,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000846085,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001074212,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002575005,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983132,0.000419199,0.0003628218,0.0003216556,0.0002547502,0.0003283153],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993613,0.0001402164,0.0000495824,0.0002897235,0.000121702,0.00003745989],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001033138,0.003491514,0.160558,0.001356943,0.0002626679,0.0001332809,0.009046763,0.0001196931,0.769085,0.008382178,0.002999673,0.04353112],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009334048,0.002223969,0.7204767,0.0002337625,0.00002545835,0.00002383782,0.0340324,0.0004682114,0.1914021,0.01353386,0.02756672,0.0006789098],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9952972,0.001248886,0.00001731817,0.001314373,0.00003721774,0.0003214301,0.0000264918,0.000004488763,0.001732605],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944579,0.001227608,0.00005525249,0.0001576953,0.00003283248,0.0000501411,0.0000679673,0.000008752655,0.003941867],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5776829,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3642386,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04748817861440632,"score_gpt":0.3463845858455158,"score_spread":0.2988964072311094,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}