{"id":"W4409771958","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.103947","title":"‘What the X’ in Anglophone government meetings: Areal distribution, emotionality, and euphemism","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Swearing, Euphemism, Multilingualism","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Euphemism; Emotionality; Government (linguistics); Distribution (mathematics); Communication source; Sociology; Psychology; Geography; Social psychology; Linguistics; Telecommunications; Computer science; Mathematics; Philosophy; Archaeology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008741291,0.000157437,0.0001164126,0.0004197521,0.0005407084,0.001442152,0.0001193724,0.0002492777,0.00174552],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004794694,0.00008597811,0.0000876596,0.000638445,0.0008424837,0.0009993964,0.0009207512,0.0003987042,0.0004366535],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003929027,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001555392,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00295862,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00519271,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99907,0.0005598771,0.00003946688,0.0001167116,0.000145427,0.00006860209],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972843,0.001614998,0.0005468735,0.0001697454,0.0002783201,0.0001057907],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002276998,0.0001546618,0.2266957,0.001235376,0.0001429769,0.001513568,0.3856836,0.001617833,0.09932623,0.008008894,0.01126886,0.2620754],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001910711,0.0002017954,0.8011108,0.000231138,0.00007349245,0.001245502,0.1450115,0.004241298,0.007377842,0.001684572,0.03869643,0.0001065201],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.984098,0.0002481046,0.002527733,0.0002288744,0.00003012087,0.00001656156,0.0003052318,0.00005079973,0.01249449],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973691,0.000115095,0.0008792966,0.0000516722,0.00001547429,0.00001763704,0.0002094026,0.00003102353,0.001311271],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00295862,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0058828,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01203560598076903,"score_gpt":0.3231594868120671,"score_spread":0.311123880831298,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}