{"id":"W4409816462","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145593","title":"A framework for analyzing the market penetration of low-carbon road vehicles","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cleaner Production","topic":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Canada Research Chairs; Natural Resources Canada; University of Alberta; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Suncor Energy Incorporated; Alberta Innovates; Cenovus Energy","keywords":"Market penetration; Penetration (warfare); Business; Environmental economics; Transport engineering; Engineering; Economics; Operations research; Marketing","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003239633,0.001492032,0.0006659905,0.00322394,0.0007353944,0.003168947,0.002135846,0.001694594,0.006423856],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005733323,0.0005547752,0.002127601,0.002083077,0.001143298,0.00307589,0.001655093,0.001729041,0.0006097258],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00355983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003423548,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03035996,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01883566,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980727,0.000984804,0.0000733697,0.0002491756,0.0003963712,0.0002234955],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982365,0.0009743124,0.0002420952,0.0001054994,0.0003564653,0.00008509932],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001599465,0.00009815308,0.002999737,0.0001143796,0.00006993056,0.0002071905,0.000128643,0.5472961,0.0008062153,0.4337157,0.00164182,0.01290618],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001281516,0.00007384398,0.001613378,0.00007154448,0.000027476,0.00009620184,0.0002824845,0.8172944,0.0004503412,0.1664134,0.01361802,0.00004611454],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03146567,0.0007693339,0.9124935,0.0009334727,0.00008743419,0.0005409957,0.00201265,0.0002221602,0.05147479],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6380596,0.001387857,0.349355,0.0001789463,0.00008343058,0.001024344,0.001686789,0.0000975178,0.008126535],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03035996,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06036645,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01136512583246575,"score_gpt":0.2613413762915552,"score_spread":0.2499762504590894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}