{"id":"W4409822960","doi":"10.5430/wjel.v15n7p16","title":"Engagement of Chinese EFL Learners in Problem-Based Learning: A Thematic Analysis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Journal of English Language","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Thematic map; Mathematics education; Thematic analysis; Linguistics; Natural language processing; Psychology; Sociology; Qualitative research; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002882894,0.00007353623,0.0002831795,0.0008951545,0.00008936888,0.00004027601,0.0002278254,0.00003026835,0.0005012237],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004015271,0.00005893035,0.0001575215,0.002384366,0.0000792428,0.0000746332,0.00001952836,0.0003510141,0.000001295488],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000123642,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000375107,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001106912,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001143672,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985028,0.0004124584,0.0004628491,0.00008439847,0.0003762566,0.0001612618],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989293,0.0004173499,0.0002083361,0.0000869898,0.0002925619,0.0000654705],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004823294,0.0006643184,0.3774634,0.0001784839,0.0005037924,0.0000285187,0.5791399,0.00413763,0.0001106504,0.02774751,0.0005875228,0.009390075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004368693,0.0002018713,0.1050824,0.002283691,0.001117727,4.693997e-7,0.7343286,0.0003640015,0.0008551349,0.01647218,0.1341577,0.0007674076],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8932472,0.0005238635,0.0003536009,0.001908875,0.0003530217,0.0001372204,4.181234e-7,0.00002030206,0.1034555],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9929962,0.00002196856,0.003504597,0.0002185811,0.00007938931,0.000003888677,0.000001350918,0.00000383443,0.003170248],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2723809,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5488048,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01277190620061727,"score_gpt":0.329656588577288,"score_spread":0.3168846823766707,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}