{"id":"W4409826699","doi":"10.1007/s10654-025-01209-w","title":"Effect of colonoscopy screening on risks of colorectal cancer and related death: instrumental variable estimation of per-protocol effects","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Journal of Epidemiology","topic":"Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection","field":"Medicine","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Narodowe Centrum Badań i Rozwoju; Norges Forskningsråd; AFA Försäkring; Helse Sør-Øst RHF; ZonMw; Swedish Cancer Foundation; Kreftforeningen; Center for Translational Molecular Medicine; Regionala Forskningsrådet Uppsala/Örebro; Newfoundland and Labrador; Nordic Cancer Union","keywords":"Medicine; Colonoscopy; Colorectal cancer; Instrumental variable; Epidemiology; Protocol (science); Colonic disease; Estimation; Public health; Internal medicine; Oncology; Cancer; Statistics; Pathology; Alternative medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.149935,0.002055214,0.004948554,0.001807463,0.0004713541,0.003370852,0.003158914,0.00511911,0.004618652],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2005055,0.001912759,0.01103658,0.001608064,0.001816691,0.003347972,0.00263061,0.0060309,0.0004148115],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001111424,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002627913,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005199552,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0024126,"domain_scores_codex":[0.8885304,0.09815399,0.002466289,0.005800792,0.002347069,0.002701424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.7161796,0.2492589,0.009246025,0.02226483,0.00201759,0.001033036],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.1905147,0.002857075,0.2837095,0.004646691,0.2097571,0.001522842,0.0007493616,0.165033,0.002285383,0.02638599,0.004927656,0.1076107],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01882471,0.01284386,0.2090792,0.0009742199,0.1768946,0.0007742043,0.0003247959,0.5296311,0.004123618,0.04133787,0.004745911,0.0004459738],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7098076,0.01436382,0.2534557,0.004165276,0.0009365368,0.00257276,0.005221914,0.001397604,0.008078735],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9735215,0.001020297,0.01915439,0.0006052314,0.0001561307,0.001086495,0.0008669345,0.000101275,0.003487781],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.149935,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7929415,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04062922979379329,"score_gpt":0.389100878119726,"score_spread":0.3484716483259327,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}