{"id":"W4409877968","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115731","title":"Solar-assisted desalination based on photothermal conversion effect: A review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Photothermal therapy; Desalination; Materials science; Environmental science; Process engineering; Solar desalination; Nanotechnology; Engineering physics; Chemistry; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003625932,0.001067286,0.001669315,0.002336978,0.0002794098,0.001034701,0.0006407916,0.0007062962,0.003195332],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003928697,0.0004194691,0.0008141408,0.003479528,0.0002604736,0.001361968,0.0005413432,0.000972828,0.001169464],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003011683,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008759918,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001041922,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002433647,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998422,0.00001416472,0.00002098162,0.00003799825,0.00006865073,0.00001597224],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998325,0.00007084749,0.00003540583,0.00000528389,0.00004537787,0.00001051131],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009093486,0.0001655476,0.0002342475,0.07251821,0.0002538693,0.00018233,0.00006514284,0.0006624304,0.009599334,0.003119388,0.02048036,0.8926283],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002763478,0.0002270682,0.001440331,0.005402816,0.0005967673,0.000886979,0.0001017668,0.0003482118,0.004212945,0.001526467,0.9851735,0.00005562106],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002919553,0.9983006,0.000194215,0.00006889354,0.0001247575,0.000008117343,0.00003394131,0.000006984799,0.000970492],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001029187,0.9981425,0.0002287177,0.00005357906,0.00006570688,0.000006095748,0.00003043625,0.000001243644,0.0004426086],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003195332,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0106895,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02537368085096915,"score_gpt":0.3225482697028212,"score_spread":0.2971745888518521,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}