{"id":"W4409886176","doi":"10.1521/pedi.2025.39.2.133","title":"Linguistic Measurement Invariance and Stability-Equivalence of the Personality Inventory for <i>DSM-5</i> Among Bilingual Participants","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Personality Disorders","topic":"Personality Disorders and Psychopathology","field":"Psychology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières; Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Equivalence (formal languages); Psychology; Measurement invariance; Stability (learning theory); Personality; PID controller; Structural equation modeling; Social psychology; Developmental psychology; Statistics; Mathematics; Pure mathematics; Computer science; Confirmatory factor analysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005016944,0.000296964,0.000685496,0.0001274317,0.0002662668,0.00003313649,0.0006099096,0.000198582,0.000176586],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002687017,0.0002336836,0.0005347807,0.0003988622,0.001250562,0.0001136137,0.00009375762,0.0005201048,0.000001033283],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000144757,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006372397,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007112504,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002277998,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962785,0.0008620775,0.001142028,0.0004744066,0.0006813168,0.0005616394],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971838,0.0005051416,0.0008955733,0.0005059095,0.0007423391,0.0001672169],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001056308,0.001181622,0.9539436,0.0007314272,0.0005078079,0.000003573154,0.02849903,0.000009080062,0.001015892,0.008860553,0.001654718,0.002536444],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004744375,0.0005299557,0.9429004,0.0005512506,0.0006333849,0.00002071564,0.01490373,0.0001765735,0.0001955038,0.02368909,0.01121277,0.0004422449],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9841406,0.005509597,0.001443374,0.003139007,0.001878305,0.0006093369,0.00009005398,0.00001285537,0.003176816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985334,0.0001002402,0.0001669734,0.0008074806,0.0001433795,0.00003316508,0.000001634475,0.00001844662,0.0001952706],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01482854,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9529341,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0744473404425928,"score_gpt":0.3489137661864312,"score_spread":0.2744664257438384,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}