{"id":"W4409956423","doi":"10.47672/ajf.2685","title":"How Do Americans Budget for Retirement? Behavioral Biases and the Role of Financial Literacy in Income Sustainability","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Finance","topic":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadiana.org","funders":"","keywords":"Financial literacy; Sustainability; Behavioral economics; Literacy; Economics; Business; Finance; Economic growth","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001730618,0.0001034989,0.0001301984,0.000488281,0.0003637282,0.00097154,0.0001665832,0.0004037902,0.00128282],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008511677,0.0001079013,0.0001699785,0.0004053285,0.0007268626,0.0007510426,0.0004691314,0.0005339427,0.0001676379],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000405654,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004902633,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007970941,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01381395,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994401,0.0003002556,0.00002917058,0.00004710128,0.0001073796,0.0000759084],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969956,0.001021194,0.001330315,0.0001367006,0.000311301,0.0002049508],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006685177,0.0001395346,0.9427028,0.00004478181,0.0000507758,0.0000512672,0.009842673,0.000102883,0.0002441452,0.0004329787,0.0006537004,0.04566761],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004099516,0.0001074108,0.9834732,0.00005856406,0.00003061932,0.00008370932,0.01344818,0.0002265003,0.0001424591,0.0008235822,0.001589773,0.00001185161],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951592,0.0004395116,0.0001713025,0.001588495,0.00001038493,0.000006426912,0.00007295836,0.000003477891,0.002548172],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990205,0.000253995,0.0001258374,0.0003187494,0.000006715972,0.000004503493,0.00003162784,9.100859e-7,0.0002372133],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007970941,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01584905,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007181001313636293,"score_gpt":0.2689190914244408,"score_spread":0.2617380901108045,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}