{"id":"W4409976440","doi":"10.1029/2024av001555","title":"A Lagrangian Perspective on the Growth of Midlatitude Storms","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AGU Advances","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Azrieli Foundation; Israel Science Foundation","keywords":"Middle latitudes; Perspective (graphical); Lagrangian; Storm; Climatology; Meteorology; Mathematics; Geology; Geography; Mathematical analysis; Geometry","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001396018,0.00005722892,0.00007377643,0.00001424818,0.0000760846,0.000005409893,0.0001617286,0.0000191191,0.0003192084],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009355701,0.00003410304,0.00003806371,0.000170059,0.000188732,0.0001118971,0.00005781786,0.00005728983,0.00004155376],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008518145,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005194201,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007111917,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005264692,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995336,0.00002651336,0.00008121561,0.000147773,0.0001151669,0.00009574711],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996124,0.0001768622,0.00003204601,0.0001583024,0.000008569269,0.00001180099],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001360496,0.0005073475,0.1074003,0.00005298669,0.00005703807,0.000002363578,0.006154391,0.006855438,0.0117128,0.8594298,0.001590104,0.006101365],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008368511,0.0003483624,0.2475432,0.0001700079,0.00006579321,0.000001243963,0.007663481,0.001578543,0.02607395,0.6835548,0.03172948,0.0004343403],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7843993,0.0003063654,0.000388558,0.004689352,0.0001013568,0.0002003341,0.000008036471,0.00002078156,0.2098859],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998975,0.00007616934,0.0002016902,0.0003860935,0.000004975304,0.00001077449,4.242496e-7,0.000002050076,0.0003428667],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2145757,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3495108,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009861497137041394,"score_gpt":0.2600591516659571,"score_spread":0.2501976545289157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}